Do devices at both ends of a network cable need lightning protection?

Do devices at both ends of a network cable need lightning protection? Do outdoor network cables need lightning protection?

Both ends of the network cable need to be installed with lightning protectors, because if there is an induced lightning surge on the network cable, it may damage the equipment at both ends of the network cable. The device at one end cannot be protected.

For a typical application such as an outdoor surveillance camera, a network cable connects the camera and the switch (optical transceiver). If only one network lightning protection device is installed on the switch, the network port of the switch can only be protected against lightning.
If you want to protect both ends, you need to connect a network surge arrester at each end, and the output ends of the surge arrester are facing the switch and the camera respectively.